After learning the vowels अ to अ:, consonants pa series प फ ब भ म, ha and na series ह & न we can learn the ya, la, ra, va series in this section. As mentioned earlier the letters are not learnt in the alphabetical order because it is not important for learning to read. Most frequent letters and most frequent word formations are kept in mind while selecting the order of introducing the letters.
य र ल व
ய ர ல வ, ya य, ra र, la ल, va व – Let’s look at the letters and see if we can think of anything similar that helps us fix these letters in our mind. We should visualize something that helps us remember the shape of these letters and associate it with the sound it makes.
य (ya) is similar to प (pa) but has a slight bent at the beginning.
It also looks like a glass. If we remember the word yaar यार, a dear friend, we can imagine sharing a drink with our friend in a glass shaped like this य and saying yeah, yeah.
This brings us to ra र, which looks like a person ready to dance. So we can still use the word यार and think of spending time drinking and dancing with a dear friend 🙂
र (ra) is the rupee sign we are familiar with and is easy to remember, ra for rupee.
ल (la) is similar to the English letter m.
व (va) is similar to ब.
व (va) does not have a line in the middle but ब has a line in the middle.
Similar Letters
ya and tha य थ are similar like ma and bha म भ or gha and dha घ ध . The difference is in the line we draw on top and the curved beginning.
य थ
ய ya य has a full line on top that covers the whole letter.
த2 tha थ has a shorter line on top and the beginning of the letter is curved.
यथार्थ – yathaarth – reality – Here you can see how the two letters are used in a word.
Further in this word the ra र sound is also included. But instead of writing ra र we use a curve (like c in English) on top of the letter – र्थ
கர்ம karma is written as कर्म।
| ய | ya | य |
| யா | yaa | या |
| யி | yi | यि |
| யீ | yee | यी |
| யு | yu | यु |
| யூ | yoo | यू |
| யே | ye | ये |
| யை | yai | यै |
| யோ | yo | यो |
| யௌ | yau | यौ |
| யம் | yum | यं |
| ய: | yaha | य: |
| த | tha | थ |
| தா | thaa | था |
| தி | thi | थि |
| தீ | thee | थी |
| து | thu | थु |
| தூ | thoo | थू |
| தே | thae | थे |
| தை | thai | थै |
| தோ | tho | थो |
| தௌ | thou | थौ |
| தம் | thum | थं |
| த: | tha: | थ: |
Take this quiz to check your ability to read the ya, ra, la, va series letters.
If there is any problem in accessing the code scan this QR code.
Read these words. Pay attention to the ya य and tha थ letters.
थक गयी tired
थकान tiredness
यहाँ थूकना मना है। Spitting is prohibited here.
यथाशक्ति – as per capacity
यथास्थिति – status quo
| र ra ர | ल la ல | व va வ |
| रा | ला | वा |
| रि | लि | वि |
| री | ली | वी |
| रु | लु | वु |
| रू | लू | वू |
| रे | ले | वे |
| रै | लै | वै |
| रो | लो | वो |
| रौ | लौ | वौ |
| रं | लं | वं |
| र: | ल: | व: |
Read the following words. Pay attention to the letters you have learnt so far.
| क्या what | ख़याल thought | घायल injured |
| क्यों why | ख्याल रखना take care | गया went |
| क्योंकि because | खूंखार dreaded | घनघोर dense |
| कायर coward | खीरा cucumber | गिरगया fallen |
| कमरा room | खबर news | गरीब poor |
| कर्मा karma | खरगोश rabbit | धर्म religion |
| काला black | खाली empty | गला throat |
| कल tomorrow | खलनायक villain | धूल dust |
| कमल lotus | खिलौना toys | गमला flower pot |
| किला fort | खिलाना to feed | गीला wet |
| कथा story | विमान plane | गधा donkey |
| कौवा crow | खुला (open) | नाव boat |
Read this conversation. Take the help of the pronunciation but try to look at the known Hindi letters as you read.
रवि : कुछ तो बोलो! क्यों चुप बैठे हो?
Ravi : kuch* tho bolo! kyon chup bait*ae ho?
Ravi : Say something! Why are you sitting silent?
ललन : वह कितनी देर से पूछ रहा है? क्यों कुछ भी नही बोल रहे हो?
Lalan : vo kithni dher se pooch* raha hai? kyo kuch* bhee nahi bol rahe ho?
Lalan : Since how long has he been asking? Why are you not saying anything?
युग: मै क्या बोलूं? बोलने के लिए कुछ भी नही बचा है।
Yug: mai kya boloon? bolne ke liye kuch* bhee nahi bachaa hai.
Yug: What should I say? There is nothing left to say.
रवि: अरे यार! इसका क्या मतलब है? क्या हुआ है? ऐसी कौनसी बड़ी बात होगयी है?
Ravi: arae yaar! iskaa kya mathlab hai? kya hua hai? aisee kaunsee badee baath hogayee hai?
Ravi: Hey buddy! What does this mean? What has happened? What big thing has happened?
ललन: कल तक यह ठीक था। आज क्या होगया इसको? क्यों कुछ भी नही बोल रहा है।
Lalan: kal thak ye teek tha. aaj kya hogayaa isko? kyo kuch bhi nahi bol raha hai.
Lalan: He was fine till yesterday. What has happened to him today? Why is he not saying anything?
युग: काश तुम लोग मुझे समज पाते!
Yug: kaash thum log mujhe samaj paathe!
Yug: Ah.. I wish you guys could understand me!
रवि: क्या समजे? क्या हुआ? कैसे हुआ? कहाँ हुआ? कब हुआ? कुछ तो बोलो।
Ravi: kya samje? kya hua? kaise hua? kahaan hua? kab hua? kuch* tho bolo.
Ravi: What do you understand? What happened? How did it happen? Where did it happen? When did it happen? Say something.
युग: मुझे अकेला छोड़कर कल आप दोनो कहाँ गए थे? कितनी देर तक मै आप लोगो की राह देख रहा था।
Yug: mujhe akela chodkar kal aap dhono kahaan gaye the? kithni dher thak mai aap logo ki raah dhekh raha tha*.
Yug: Where did you two go yesterday leaving me alone? For so long I was waiting for you guys.
रवि: कहां गए थे? कहीं भी नही। घर पर बैठकर कैरम खेल रहे थे। तुमने कुछ सपना देखा क्या?
Ravi: kahaan gaye the? kaheen bhi nahi. ghar par baitkar carrom khel rahe the. thumne kuch sapna dhekhaa kya?
Ravi: Where did we go? Nowhere. We were sitting at home playing carrom. Did you dream of something?
ललन: कौन तुम्हे यह बात बताए की हम कल कहीं गए थे?
Lalan: kaun thumhe ye baath bathaye ki hum kal kahee gaye the*?
Lalan: Who told you that we went somewhere yesterday?
युग: किसीने नही कहा। मैने खुद आपको जाते हुए देखा।
Yug: kiseenae nahi kaha. maine khudh aapko jaathe hue dekha.
Yug: No one said it. I myself saw you leaving.
रवि: बिल्कुल बकवास है। कोई हादसा हुआ क्या तुम्हारा?
Ravi: bilkul bakvaas hai. koi haadhsa hua kya thumhaara?
Ravi: That’s absolute nonsense. Did you meet with an accident?
ललन: लगता तो ऐसा ही है। इसका दिमाग हिल गया है। पागल कुत्ते ने काटा होगा।
Lalan: lagtha to aisa hee hai. iska dhimaag hil gaya hai. paagal kuththe ne kaataa hogaa.
Lalan: It seems so. He has lost his mind. Must have been bitten by a mad dog.
रवि: सच सच बता। क्या बात है? तुम्हे मेरी कसम।
Ravi: sach sach batha. kya baath hai? thumhe meri kasam.
Ravi: Tell me the truth. What is the matter? Swear on me.
युग: ठीक है। अब मै कसम खाके सच बोल देता हूं। कल मैंने तुम दोनो को बिना बताए सिनेमा देखने गया।
Yug: tee*k hai. ab mai kasam khaake sach bol detha hoon. kal maine thum dhono ko bina bathaye cinema dhekhne gaya.
Yug: Okay. Now I swear to tell you the truth. Yesterday I went to the cinema without telling you both.
रवि: सिनेमा देखने गया? अकेले अकेले?
Ravi: cinema dhekhne gaya? akele akele?
Ravi: Did you go to the cinema? alone?
युग: अकेले तो नहीं….पर…
Yug: akele tho nahin….par…
Yug: Not alone…but…
ललन: बोलना, किसके साथ गया?
Lalan: bolna, kiske saath* gaya?
Lalan: Tell me, who did you go with?
युग: मेरी प्रेमिका के साथ।
Yug: meri praemika ke saath*.
Yug: With my girlfriend.
रवि & ललन: प्रेमिका?
Ravi & Lalan: praemika?
Ravi & Lalan: Girlfriend?
रवि : ये कहाँ से आगयी?
Ravi : ye kahaa se aagayee?
Ravi: Where has she come from?
ललन: कब से चल रहा है ये सब?
Lalan: kab se chal rahaa hai ye sab?
Lalan: How long has all this been going on?
रवि: कौन है वह? क्या हम जानते है उसे?
Ravi: kaun hai vo? kya hum jaanthe hai usae?
Ravi: Who is she? Do we know her?
युग: मै बताने ही वाला था आप दोनों को।
Yug: mai bathaanae hee vaalaa tha* aap dhono ko.
Yug: I was about to tell you both.
ललन: हां अब मै समझा।हमें बताने की हिम्मत नहीं है इसलिए चुप बैठा था ।
Lalan: haan ab mai samjha. hame bathaanae ki himmath nahi hai isliyae chup baita* tha*.
Lalan: Yes, now I understand. He didn’t have the courage to tell us so he remained silent.
रवि: और हमसे गुस्सा करने का नाटक कर रहा था । मारो इसको।
Ravi: aur humse gussa karne ka naatak kar raha tha*. maaro isako.
Ravi: And he was pretending to be angry with us. Beat him up.
ललन: एक थप्पड़ खींच कर मारना चाहिए। कितनी देर से हमे परेशान कर रहा है।
Lalan: ek th*appad kheench kar maarnaa chahiyae. kithni dher se hame pareshaan kar rahaa hai.
Lalan: He should be slapped. How long has he been troubling us?
युग: अरे रे रे ! रूखो भाई एक मिनट।मै सब बताता हूँ। ऐ सुनेंगे तो आपका गुस्सा ठंडा हो जाएगा।
Yug: are re re ! rukho bhayee ek minat. mai sab bathaathaa hoon. ae sunenge tho aapkaa gussa ta*nda ho jaayega.
Yug: Oh my! Wait a minute brother. I will tell you everything. If you listen, your anger will cool down.
Take this assessment after completing all the individual quizzes for the letters you have learnt so far.